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Factsheet Norovirus

What is Norovirus?

Norovirusis a non-bacterial gastroenteritis (stomach bug) which is commonly known as the “winter vomiting virus” as it is frequently present during the winter months. It has relatively mild symptoms, but is highly infectious.

How is infection spread?

The main spread of infection is through contact with contaminated objects, surfaces, and infected people. For example:
  • Ineffective hand washing after using the toilet
  • Contaminated food and water
  • Touching contaminated surfaces such as door handles, telephones
  • Insufficient cleaning of toilet seats and changing mats
Infection may also be spread through air borne particles caused by vomiting.

What are the signs and symptoms?

Infection may also be spread through air borne particles caused by vomiting.
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Muscle Ache
  • Headaches
  • Fever
These symptoms usually last between12-60 hours. Most people make a full recovery within 1-2 days, however some people (particularly the very young or elderly) may become very dehydrated and require hospital treatment.

How to prevent spread of infection?

  • Good hand washing procedures are essential (illustrated in the picture below)
  • Thorough and frequent disinfection of surfaces, such as kitchen work tops, toilet seats, toys, and door handles,
  • Good personal
  • Avoid eating any raw or unwashed food stuffs.
The infection can be reduced if the following steps are adopted:

How common is Norovirus

Norovirus is not a notifiable disease so reporting is done on a voluntary basis. UK Health Security Agency only receives reports of outbreaks and we see between130 and 250 outbreaks each year. It is estimated that Norovirus affects between 600,000 and two million people in the UK each year.
The virus can easily spread where there are large numbers of people present, or in semi-enclosed environments, examples being schools, residential homes and hospitals.

What to do if infection occurs?

  • There is no specific treatment available; however, the illness will usually run its course in 1-2
  • Drinking plenty of water helps to avoid diarrhea related dehydration.
  • It may be necessary to provide your doctor with a stool sample for
South London Health Protection Team
Zone C, 3rd Floor, Skipton House
80 London Road, SE1 6LH
T: +44(0) 344 326 2052

What to do if infection occurs?

Remain at home and reduce your contact with others as much as is possible. People who have had the infection must stay away from work or school/nursery while they have symptoms, AND for a further 48 hours after the last symptoms. Food preparation should also be avoided until 48 hours after the symptoms have subsided.